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She is currently conducting a longitudinal ethnographic study of how the AIDS epidemic informs adolescent development and identity dynamics among youth.Ĭrack cocaine was first reported as an injectable drug in the United States in Chicago in 1996 ( Johnson & Ouellet, 1996), and crack cocaine injection has since been reported in smaller cities, including Bridgeport, Connecticut ( Kinzly, 1998), Austin, Texas ( Community Epidemiology Working Group, 1998), and Dayton, Ohio ( Carlson, Falck, & Siegal, 2000) as well as San Francisco ( Bourgois, Lettiere, & Quesada, 1997), Washington, D.C. Welle, Ph.D., director of youth and Community Development Core of the Institute for International Research on Youth at Risk (IRYAR) at National Development and Research Institutes, Inc.
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His primary area of interest is public health research with high risk youth populations, with an emphasis on the initiation of risk behaviors. Goldsamt, Ph.D., is deputy director of the Institute for International Research on Youth at Risk (IRYAR) at National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. His principal area of interest is in community epidemiology and the development of community-based public health programs. Clatts, Ph.D., is the director of the Institute for International Research on Youth at Risk (IRYAR) at National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. He conducts research on hidden populations, high-risk youth, and out-of-treatment drug users.
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Lankenau, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health. “But regardless, a crack injection is going to burn your veins.Stephen E. A slab “rock” of crack in Bridgeport sells for just $5, while a bag of powdered cocaine goes for $20.įor a number of years, the needle exchange program has been giving crack injectors citric acid to use in their injections rather than vinegar, which produces “horrible abscesses”, says Clark-Smith. “It’s a cheaper high,” says Robin Clark-Smith, an administrator at a needle exchange program at the Bridgeport Health Department in Connecticut, US. The study did not probe why people inject rather than smoke crack, but some users have reported the high after injecting it lasts longer than the 5 to 10 minutes of euphoria they derive from smoking it.Īnd health officials say the reason people turn to crack over powdered cocaine is largely down to cost. “The biggest public health issue is these people are practicing a number of different high-risk behaviours,” he says. These users all took other street drugs as well and were more likely to inject daily, share needles, have unprotected sex, and be infected with hepatitis than other intravenous drug users. The surprisingly high prevalence of crack injectors is a big concern, he says. “It’s possible it was emerging at the time and hadn’t caught on in some sites,” says Santibanez. New Orleans, Los Angeles, and Chicago also scored high in the practice, while Baltimore had few intravenous crack users. But a few kilometres away in New York’s mostly white Lower East Side, that figure climbed to 26.4%. In the largely Hispanic neighbourhood of Harlem in New York City, just 1.5% of those interviewed had injected crack.